Securities Lawyer's Deskbook                          published by The University of Cincinnati College of Law

Rule 16b-3 -- Transactions Between an Issuer and its Officers or Directors

---

1. General. A transaction between the issuer (including an employee benefit plan sponsored by the issuer) and an officer or director of the issuer that involves issuer equity securities shall be exempt from Section 16(b) of the Act if the transaction satisfies the applicable conditions set forth in this section.
   
   
2. Definitions.
   
   
   1. A Discretionary Transaction shall mean a transaction pursuant to an employee benefit plan that:
      
      
      1. Is at the volition of a plan participant;
         
         
      2. Is not made in connection with the participantís death, disability, retirement or termination of employment;
         
         
      3. Is not required to be made available to a plan participant pursuant to a provision of the Internal Revenue Code; and
         
         
      4. Results in either an intra-plan transfer involving an issuer equity securities fund, or a cash distribution funded by a volitional disposition of an issuer equity security.
         
         
   2. An Excess Benefit Plan shall mean an employee benefit plan that is operated in conjunction with a Qualified Plan, and provides only the benefits or contributions that would be provided under a Qualified Plan but for any benefit or contribution limitations set forth in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or any successor provisions thereof.
      
      
   3. 1. A Non-Employee Director shall mean a director who:
         
         
         1. Is not currently an officer (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f)) of the issuer or a parent or subsidiary of the issuer, or otherwise currently employed by the issuer or a parent or subsidiary of the issuer;
            
            
         2. Does not receive compensation, either directly or indirectly, from the issuer or a parent or subsidiary of the issuer, for services rendered as a consultant or in any capacity other than as a director, except for an amount that does not exceed the dollar amount for which disclosure would be required pursuant to Item 404(a) of Regulation S-K and
            
            
         3. Does not possess an interest in any other transaction for which disclosure would be required pursuant to Item 404(a) of Regulation S-K.
            
            
      2. Notwithstanding paragraph (b)(3)(i) of this section, a Non-Employee Director of a closedend investment company shall mean a director who is not an ìinterested personî of the issuer, as that term is defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Investment Company Act of 1940.
         
         
   4. A Qualified Plan shall mean an employee benefit plan that satisfies the coverage and participation requirements of Sections 410 and 401(a)(26) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or any successor provisions thereof.
      
      
   5. A Stock Purchase Plan shall mean an employee benefit plan that satisfies the coverage and participation requirements of Sections 423(b)(3) and 423(b)(5), or Section 410, of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or any successor provisions thereof.
      
      
3. Tax-conditioned plans. Any transaction (other than a Discretionary Transaction) pursuant to a Qualified Plan, an Excess Benefit Plan, or a Stock Purchase Plan shall be exempt without condition.
   
   
4. Acquisitions from the issuer. Any transaction, other than a Discretionary Transaction, involving an acquisition from the issuer (including without limitation a grant or award), whether or not intended for a compensatory or other particular purpose, shall be exempt if:
   
   
   1. The transaction is approved by the board of directors of the issuer, or a committee of the board of directors that is composed solely of two or more Non-Employee Directors;
      
      
   2. The transaction is approved or ratified, in compliance with Section 14 of the Act, by either: the affirmative votes of the holders of a majority of the securities of the issuer present, or represented, and entitled to vote at a meeting duly held in accordance with the applicable laws of the state or other jurisdiction in which the issuer is incorporated; or the written consent of the holders of a majority of the securities of the issuer entitled to vote; provided that such ratification occurs no later than the date of the next annual meeting of shareholders; or
      
      
   3. The issuer equity securities so acquired are held by the officer or director for a period of six months following the date of such acquisition, provided that this condition shall be satisfied with respect to a derivative security if at least six months elapse from the date of acquisition of the derivative security to the date of disposition of the derivative security (other than upon exercises or conversion) or its underlying equity security.
      
      
5. Dispositions to the issuer. Any transaction, other than a Discretionary Transaction, involving the disposition to the issuer of issuer equity securities, whether or not intended for a compensatory or other particular purpose, shall be exempt, provided that the terms of such disposition are approved in advance in the manner prescribed by either paragraph (d)(1) or paragraph (d)(2) of this section.
   
   
6. Discretionary Transactions. A Discretionary Transaction shall be exempt only if effected pursuant to an election made at least six months following the date of the most recent election, with respect to any plan of the issuer, that effected a Discretionary Transaction that was:
   
   
   1. An acquisition, if the transaction to be exempted would be a disposition; or
      
      
   2. A disposition, if the transaction to be exempted would be an acquisition.

1. The exercise or conversion of a derivative security that does not satisfy the conditions of this section is eligible for exemption from Section 16(b) of the Act to the extent that the conditions of Rule 16b-6(b) are satisfied.
   
   
2. Section 16(a) reporting requirements applicable to transactions exempt pursuant to this section are set forth in Rule 16a-3(f) and (g) and Rule 16a-4.
   
   
3. The approval conditions of paragraphs (d)(1), (d)(2) and (e) of this section require the approval of each specific transaction, and are not satisfied by approval of a plan in its entirety except for the approval of a plan pursuant to which the terms and conditions of each transaction are fixed in advance, such as a formula plan. Where the terms of a subsequent transaction (such as the exercise price of an option, or the provision of an exercise or tax with-holding right) are provided for in a transaction as initially approved pursuant to paragraphs (d)(1), (d)(2) or (e), such subsequent transaction shall not require further specific approval.
   
   
4. For purposes of determining a director's status under those portions of paragraph (b)(3)(i) that reference Item 229.404(a) of this chapter, an issuer may rely on the disclosure provided under Item 229.404(a) of this chapter for the issuer's most recent fiscal year contained in the most recent filing in which disclosure required under Item 229.404(a) is presented. Where a transaction disclosed in that filing was terminated before the director's proposed service as a Non-Employee Director, that transaction will not bar such service. The issuer must believe in good faith that any current or contemplated transaction in which the director participates will not be required to be disclosed under Item 229.404(a) of this chapter, based on information readily available to the issuer and the director at the time such director proposes to act as a Non-Employee Director. At such time as the issuer believes in good faith, based on readily available information, that a current or contemplated transaction with a director will be required to be disclosed under Item 229.404(a) in a future filing, the director no longer is eligible to serve as a Non-Employee Director; provided, however, that this determination does not result in retroactive loss of a Rule 16b-3 exemption for a transaction previously approved by the director while serving as a Non-Employee Director consistent with this note. In making the determinations specified in this Note, the issuer may rely on information it obtains from the director, for example, pursuant to a response to an inquiry.

	Notice to Users: The Deskbook is made available with the understanding that the University of Cincinnati College of Law is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting or other professional services. If legal advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought. See Terms and Conditions of Use.   © Copyright 1998-2009, University of Cincinnati, All Rights Reserved  Contact: ronald.jones@uc.edu